political opposition in the Middle East

Instructions

Although the Middle East is less democratic than other world regions, opposition parties andmovements in the region have long struggled for political change. Drawing on the theories andcases (countries) studied in class, answer the following three questions in a single essay.1.Describe the main forms of political opposition in the Middle East over the past few decades.Who are the main actors, and when and where did they operate? What are their main goals orobjectives, how did they try to achieve these objectives, and how successful were they in doingso? Be sure to discuss both Islamist parties and movements and the Arab Uprisings in youranswer2.What explains popular support for opposition parties and movements in the Middle East?Identify the conditions under which opposition parties and movements will attract supportand/or participation, and explain how and why they help opposition forces succeed. Youranswer should draw on the main explanations we have studied in class related to popularsupport for Islamist movements and the size and scope of protests during the Arab Uprisings3.Drawing on the explanations above, as well as current regional and global trends, consider thefuture of opposition politics in the Middle East over the next ten years. Who/what are likely tobe the most important opposition actors or organizations? What challenges and opportunitiesare they likely to face? Finally, drawing on what you have learned, what recommendations wouldyou offer to opposition movements and/or their allies in the Middle East?

Answer

Q1One of the forms of opposition was the Arab Spring which is also known as the Arab Uprising. This opposition began in Turkey and was later seen in Egypt and other areas in the Middle East. It started in the year 2010 and went all along till the year 2011. In Tunisia, one of the main actors in the protests was Mohamed Bouazizi. He was a street vendor who had been mistreated by the local authorities. In reacting to that kind of treatment, he set himself on fire and died(Josua & Edel, 2021). This sparked what became known as the Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia. The revolution is what has brought a change in Tunisia today. This is because people matched in the streets, and attempts by the government to quell them were futile. The president at that time, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, was under p...
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